Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Leadership Agent for Change:  Frederick Douglass American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society  Compromise of 1850 & the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850  Bleeding Kansas (1854-1861) Dred Scott Decision (1857) John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry (1859) Artwork: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; acquired through the generosity of an anonymous donor, 1856

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Impact of the Emancipation Proclamation   Role of Black Connecticut soldiers in the Civil War Impact of the Civil War on Blacks in the North and in the South    Reasons for Union victory in the Civil War  

Semester 1: Unit 3 At-A-Glance: Black Literacy, Organizations, and LiberationIn this unit, students will:• Examine how Africans and African descendants worked individually and collectively to spark revolutionary change to their existence;• Explore various perspectives of enslavement from free and enslaved Africans; and• Analyze the impact of the cotton economy on the development of the domestic slave trade.Compelling Question: When is resistance and/or revolution justified/glorified/condemned? How effective were the actions of abolitionists and the slave rebellions of this period? Are individual contributions or collective efforts more effective in actualizing social change?Pre-Assessment: In what ways have Africans, African Americans, and African descendants persisted past adversity to preserve their own humanity and contribute to the development of American Culture and Innovation? (KWL)

Developed By: Meghan Geary, Dr. Stacey Close, and Paquita Jarman-SmithThis unit will focus on Black Americans’ movements for equality, both geographical and societal. It will begin with the ideology of Nadir, which triggered the Great Migration of approximately a half million African Americans from Southern to Northern states between 1916 and 1918, and will then explore the fight for equal rights and the enormous contributions of Black people in America during the early 20th century. The unit should help students understand how the events of the period helped shape present-day systems. Topics include: the impact of Jim Crow laws on Black communities and their resistance; The Harlem Renaissance and African American arts; Black Wall Street and the Tulsa Massacre; African American participation in WWI and WWII; the “Red Summer” of 1919; how FDR’s New Deal Fair Housing Act exacerbated segregation and led to current wealth/wage/opportunity gaps; the establishment of important organizations including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), the National Urban League, The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), The National Council of Negro Women, The Nation of Islam (NOI), The Congress of Racial Equity (CORE), The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); landmark Supreme Court decisions such as Brown v. BOE; major Civil Rights legislation such as CRA of 1957 and 1964, and the VRA of 1965; Black women’s role in the ongoing revolution; and the contributions of W.E.B. Du Bois, August Wilson, Mary Townsend Seymour, John Lewis, Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune, Constance Baker Motley, Mamie Till and others as detailed in the lessons. In this unit, students will: • Identify tactics, mission, and accomplishments of major groups involved in the movement for equality. • Investigate the causes, consequences, and historical context of key events in this time period. • Evaluate how individuals, groups, and institutions in the United States have both promoted and hindered people’s struggle for freedom, equality, and social justice. • Analyze the role of the federal government in supporting and inhibiting various 20th century civil rights movements. • Analyze the role of women of color in the women’s rights movement.Compelling Question: How successful have Black Americans’ movements for equality been in transforming the dreams, status, and rights of Black Americans in the United States?

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Failed promises of the Reconstruction era created dissonance among Blacks and Whites During the Nadir, in the North as well as the South, whites forced African Americans from skilled occupations like carpentry and unskilled jobs like mail carrier Connecticut and the Great Migration to Hartford Nadir (low point) - the ideology of race relations and underlying social processes Riot vs. massacre: How the narrative is told matters in terms of how the event is received.  “Red Summer 1919” Status of Black soldiers after WWI Black WWI veterans fought abroad as Americans and returned home to be viewed as a “threat” to the status Vocabulary: Great Migration, Juxtaposition, Riot, Tulsa massacre, Black wall Street, Red Summer, Langston Hughes Artwork:  Gelatin silver print of the 1927 Mississippi River flood © 1927 Illinois Central Railroad Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Harlem Renaissance (early civil rights movement) The New Negro Empowerment of art- keeping hope alive Recognition of Black culture through the Arts (film, literature, art, music, and the media)   Jazz as popular music known as the Jazz Age Vocabulary: Harlem Renaissance, Jazz Age, Jazz, Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Duke Ellington, Bebop, Prohibition, speakeasy Artwork: A program for the Boston Symphony Hall that features Louis Armstrong and Billie Holiday Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture 1947

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms modern-day “de facto” segregation is a result of policies from the early 20th century Redlining prevented Blacks from buying property Vocabulary: de facto segregation, New Deal, FHA-Federal Housing Authority, redlining  

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Organizing to redress racism Systemic Racism Resistance Reform Equity What is Radical? Landmark court rulings changed the trajectory of American race relations forever Vocabulary:  The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), the National Urban League, The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), The National Council of Negro Women, The Nation of Islam (NOI), The Congress of Racial Equity (CORE), The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), Brown v. BOE, Civil Rights Act 1957, Montgomery Bus Boycott, March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, Civil Rights Act 1964, and Voting Right Act 1965 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms The fight against fascism abroad and the tremendous contributions of Black servicemen once again ignited the push for justice and equality “at home.” Tuskegee Airmen Lemuel Custis was also Hartford’s first Black police officer Civil Rights Movement benefitting from fight against fascism Vocabulary:  patriotism, heroism, fascism, equality  

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Civil disobedience vs. civil rights Sit-ins and college organizing such as Freedom Riders and Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Connection to modern day youth-led movements 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Civil disobedience vs. civil rights Sit-ins and college organizing such as Freedom Riders and Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Connection to modern day youth-led movements 

In this unit, students will:• Identify tactics, mission, and accomplishments of major groups involved in the movement for equality• Investigate the causes, consequences, and historical context of key events in this time period• Evaluate how individuals, groups, and institutions in the United States have both promoted and hindered people’s struggle for freedom, equality, and social justice;• Analyze the role of the federal government in supporting and inhibiting various 20th century civil rights movements;• Analyze the role of women of color in the women’s rights movement.Compelling Question: How successful have Black Americans’ movements for equality been in transforming the dreams, status, and rights of Black Americans in the United States?Pre-Assessment: Student Identity: Imagine you are a student during the time period. Describe your school day in a onepage journal entry.

Developed By: Dennis Culliton and Paquita Jarman-Smith Soon after the settlement of New England, slavery, first Indigenous and then African, became a way to support the export driven economy of the region. This unit will focus on slavery in Connecticut, the U.S., sources of that history, and how we can use analytical lenses to interpret the evidence and tell the story of local slavery and the individuals held in captivity. Themes of resistance and agency will be explored. In this unit students will: • Analyze how Africans, African Americans, and their descendants have struggled to gain freedom, equality, and social justice. • Explore the ways in which slavery was embedded in culture and legislation. • Investigate how multiple racial and cultural perspectives influence the interpretation of slavery. Compelling Question: How were some Africans from the global diaspora able to assert their agency to resist slavery; why were other Africans unable to do this?

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms 5 Themes of Slavery© (i.e., Dehumanization, Treatment of Enslaved, Paternalism, Economics, Agency and Resistance) Freedom Artwork: Freed Slave and Equal Rights Advocate, James Mars, 1870; The Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford.

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Laws affected the rights of property owners and those held in captivity Connecticut established laws regulating slavery Census data reflects the changes in Connecticut laws about slavery over time Vocabulary:  Chattel, Slavery, Census, reparations, complicity 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Laws affected the rights of property owners and those held in captivity Connecticut established laws regulating slavery Census data reflects the changes in Connecticut laws about slavery over time Vocabulary:  Chattel, Slavery, Census, reparations, complicity 

Semester 1: Unit 2 At-A-Glance: How African Americans Persisted: Slavery and Freedom Stories of Resistance and AgencyIn this unit, students will:• Analyze how Africans, African Americans, and their descendants have struggled to gain freedom, equality, and social justice.• Explore the ways in which slavery was embedded in legislation.• Investigate how multiple racial and cultural perspectives influence the interpretation of slavery.Compelling Question: How were some Africans from the global diaspora able to assert their agency to resist slavery; why were other Africans unable to do this?Pre-Assessment: Before beginning this unit, students complete a poll to survey understanding of local and global slavery that existed, the prevalence of slavery in Connecticut and the Caribbean, and the importance of slavery to the U.S. and local economies

Developed By: Dr. Stacey Close and Paquita Jarman-Smith This unit focuses on the period of Reconstruction (1865-77), Black Settlement, Towns, and Settlers in the West (1865-1915), and the struggle against the Jim Crow System. This unit will also go into detail on the political contributions of African American politicians to the passage of the Reconstruction era: acts and laws that brought the right to citizenship, the right to vote, and public education. In addition, this course will focus on the African past as it relates to the development of the African American culture in the western hemisphere. In this unit, students will:• Examine how Africans and African descendants worked individually and collectively to spark revolutionary change to their existence.• Explore the Reconstruction politics through literature and other accounts from primary documents and impact on Whites and Blacks.Compelling Question:  How was the Reconstruction a success or failure? 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Impacts of the Reconstruction on the Black Family Reconstruction Amendments Black Codes Vocabulary:   Reconstruction, Amendments, sharecropping 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms African Americans in United States Government Afro-Caribbean Immigration Black Migration to Kansas Great Exodus 1879 Plessy vs. Ferguson  Spanish-American War  Vocabulary:  constitutional rights, segregation, presidential accountability Movement, Exodus, Migration Artwork: Nat Love, African-American cowboy and former slave, pictured circa 1900.