Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Haitian Revolution  Haitian Revolution and its impact on other Latin American countries  Vocabulary: General Toussaint L’Ouverture, Jacob Lawrence Note: This lesson serves as a precursor for students to understand how this revolution served as the framework for other revolutions in Latin America. 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Reasons for revolting Women’s roles during the independence  Caudillos Dictatorships Oligarchies Freebooters (filibusteros) Vocabulary: Dictator, Oligarchy, Caudillos 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Suffering and pain that fueled revolutions Social Revolutions  Influence of colonialism Racial and ethnic differences during 20th century revolution  

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Las Carpetas Independence from Spain: Grito de Lares- the outcry known as “El grito de Lares” for the independence of Puerto Ricans from their Colonist occupants Las Carpetas Independence from the United States: Law 53 of 1948, better known as the Gag Law (Spanish: Ley de La Mordaza) A law used to suppress the independence movement in Puerto Rico Ponce Massacre   

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Resistance heroes and sheroes (some examples) Pedro Albizu Campos Hernan Badilla Ramon Emeterio Betances  Miguel Hidalgo Jose Marti  Vidal Santiago Diaz Arturo Schomburg Lolita Lebron  Blanca Canales Marianna Bracetti  Dominga de La Cruz Becerril Isabel Rosado U.S. relationship with resistance heroes 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms The Young Lords  Macheteros  Chicano Movement Los Macheteros  Wells Fargo Heist Example 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Timeline of the History of the Latino Civil Rights Movement Political and Social Conflicts Contributions of Latinos during the African-American Civil Rights Movement  Civil Rights Movements Warriors: Cesar Chavez  Dolores Huerta  Herman Badillo  Rita Moreno Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Roberto Clemente  Julia Avarez Sonia Sotomayor  Sylvia Mendez Luis Gutierrez Nydia Velazquez Vocabulary: Political Conflict, Social Conflict 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Past and present of Arts as a form of protest in the Latino community  Latinos use different types of art to hold leaders responsible for their actions History of how different types of art came to be the medium by which Latinos protest peacefully  Latino artists who use their art as a form of protest in the U.S. and in Latin America 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and TermsSongs as a form of protest and resistance in Puerto Rico and in the U.S.Art as resistance to the current colonial status in Puerto RicoArts as affirmation of Puerto Rican identity in Puerto Rico and in the U.S.How have Latinos used music to resist and protest? Vocabulary: Reggaetón Syndrome

In this unit, students will:● Explore the Latinos’ fight for independence against Spain● Explore the nationalist movements against dictatorial/non-democratic leaders in the 20th century● Analyze the power structures within the United States that influence oppressing the people and voices of the Latino world● Examine the arts as a form of resistance, strength, and communityCompelling question: With the diaspora in mind, how has the theme of resilience been illustrated in the past and present history of Latinos’ battle for equity?Pre-Assessment: Students popcorn-out what they already know about Latin American revolutions

Developed By: Daniel Bonet Ojeda, Heriberto Cajigas, Nitza DiazIn this unit, we walk through the sands of time to remember the blood, beauty, and sweat that contributed to the further development of the Puerto Rican and Latino social and economic structures. These cultures have demonstrated endurance and resilience during countless trials. Even through difficult times, they have nurtured their roots with their ancestors' culture. Perseverance, optimism, and fortitude are the hallmarks of Latinos’ striving for equity. The permanent emotional connection with their culture and identity keep them reimagining their independence, economic growth, and prosperity. In this unit, we will examine how the complex relationship between politics and economic policies helps us explain the current level and range of economic development in the region. Students will:• Explore how colonialism impacted the development of Latin America societies during a period of social, economic “transformation.”• Examine and interpret how Latin Americans and Puerto Ricans constructed and interpreted racial, ethnic, class, and gender identities as a result of historic and economic experiences of enslaved Africans in Latin America and in Puerto Rico.• Investigate the ways in which United States relations with Puerto Rico and Latin America help or hinder social and economic growth.• Examine specific role of Indigenous, Spaniards, and Africans in the formation of the Puerto Rican Nation.• Evaluate how severe economic policies impact the economic growth of Puerto Rico and Latin America currently.Compelling Question: How did power and hierarchy come together to create the social and economic structures of Puerto Rico and Latin America?

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Consequences and impact of the arrival of colonizers Encomienda System  Inequality vs. Inequity Women’s roles Vocabulary: Conquistadores, Encomienda System, Inequality, Inequity, Single Story 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Caste? Social Hierarchy? or Racial Hierarchy  Gradation of Browns - colorism within Brown people Analyze the process by which “race” comes into being over the course of the 16th and 17th centuries in Spanish America Culture shapes how humans see the world Race in Latin America in a “Post Racial Society”? Vocabulary:  Caste System, Culture, Race 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Historical chronology of ethnic groups that arrived in Latin America and in the Caribbean  Identities created, re-created, or a new one?  Social Structure of the evolved identities Ethnic Identity  Social Identity  Gender roles Indigenismo, Mestizaje, and “Blackness” Afro-Latinos Afro-Puerto Ricans Garifunas-Afro Latinos  Vocabulary:  Ethnic Identity, Social Identity, Indigenismo, Mestizaje,  

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms U.S. views of Latin America U.S. “Interventions” Latin America views on the U.S. U.S. policy in the region (e.g., Monroe Doctrine, Good Neighbor policy)  Economic development of Latin America  Vocabulary: policy, intervention 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Definition of the Real Cedula de Gracia (Royal Decree of Graces) Impact that Cedula de Gracia had of the Economy of Puerto Rico  

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Interest of United States in Puerto Rico  Beginning of the U.S. colony era U.S. governing style in Puerto Rico (Military rule of Puerto Rico) 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Citizenship Foraker Act  Jones Act 936 Section of the IRS Immigration guidelines for Puerto Ricans’ Supreme Court 1902 Insular case Example: Puerto Rican Farm Worker  Vocabulary:  disenfranchised 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Understanding of Puerto Rico as a nation  U.S. impact on Puerto Rico’s identity as a nation Understanding of the Commonwealth (Associated Free State) of Puerto Rico Continued influence of legacy of Colonialism Understanding the conundrum of citizenship for Puerto Ricans on the island  Supreme Court definition of Puerto Rico legal status History of the referendum in Puerto Rico  Citizenship in Puerto Rico differs from citizenship in the U.S. 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Operation Bootstrap impact to the economy   The PROMESA and the Junta  The PROMESA and its relationship to Puerto Rico’s Colonial status  Economics of Hurricane Maria