Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Caste? Social Hierarchy? or Racial Hierarchy  Gradation of Browns - colorism within Brown people Analyze the process by which “race” comes into being over the course of the 16th and 17th centuries in Spanish America Culture shapes how humans see the world Race in Latin America in a “Post Racial Society”? Vocabulary:  Caste System, Culture, Race 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Historical chronology of ethnic groups that arrived in Latin America and in the Caribbean  Identities created, re-created, or a new one?  Social Structure of the evolved identities Ethnic Identity  Social Identity  Gender roles Indigenismo, Mestizaje, and “Blackness” Afro-Latinos Afro-Puerto Ricans Garifunas-Afro Latinos  Vocabulary:  Ethnic Identity, Social Identity, Indigenismo, Mestizaje,  

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms U.S. views of Latin America U.S. “Interventions” Latin America views on the U.S. U.S. policy in the region (e.g., Monroe Doctrine, Good Neighbor policy)  Economic development of Latin America  Vocabulary: policy, intervention 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Definition of the Real Cedula de Gracia (Royal Decree of Graces) Impact that Cedula de Gracia had of the Economy of Puerto Rico  

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Interest of United States in Puerto Rico  Beginning of the U.S. colony era U.S. governing style in Puerto Rico (Military rule of Puerto Rico) 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Citizenship Foraker Act  Jones Act 936 Section of the IRS Immigration guidelines for Puerto Ricans’ Supreme Court 1902 Insular case Example: Puerto Rican Farm Worker  Vocabulary:  disenfranchised 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Understanding of Puerto Rico as a nation  U.S. impact on Puerto Rico’s identity as a nation Understanding of the Commonwealth (Associated Free State) of Puerto Rico Continued influence of legacy of Colonialism Understanding the conundrum of citizenship for Puerto Ricans on the island  Supreme Court definition of Puerto Rico legal status History of the referendum in Puerto Rico  Citizenship in Puerto Rico differs from citizenship in the U.S. 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Operation Bootstrap impact to the economy   The PROMESA and the Junta  The PROMESA and its relationship to Puerto Rico’s Colonial status  Economics of Hurricane Maria  

In this unit, students will:•Explore how colonialism impacted the development of Latin America societies during a period of social, economic “transformation.”•Examine and interpret how Latin Americans and Puerto Ricans constructed and interpreted racial, ethnic, class, and gender identities as a result of historic and economic experiences of enslaved Africans in Latin America and in Puerto Rico. •Investigate the ways in which United States relations with Puerto Rico and Latin America help or hinder social and economic growth.•Examine specific role of Indigenous, Spaniards, and Africans in the formation of the Puerto Rican Nation.•Evaluate how severe economic policies impact the economic growth of Puerto Rican and Latin America currently.Compelling Question: How did power and hierarchy come together to create the social and economic structures of Puerto Rico and Latin America?Pre-Assessment: KWL about students’ current understanding of colonialism, United States’ relations with Puerto Rico, and Latin America help or hinder social and economic growth.

Developed By: Carlos Torre, Steve Armstrong, Nitza Diaz Between the years of 1820 and 2020, more than 80 million people migrated to the U.S. The history of immigration and migration is bigger than just the narrative that teaches about European immigration. Puerto Ricans and Latinos have migrated to the U.S. since the 1800s, and some Latino groups were already here before Europeans. This unit offers students an opportunity to learn and explore the contributions of Puerto Ricans and Latinos to the U.S. and the state of Connecticut. In this unit, students will:• Analyze reasons that individuals from Puerto Rico and other Latin Americans migrated to Connecticut.• Explore the accomplishments and contributions of these individuals and their descendants to Connecticut history and culture.• Understand and examine the misconceptions and negative beliefs that have been normalized and excluded the contributions of Puerto Rican and Latino people.Compelling Question: What impact have Puerto Ricans and Latinos had on Connecticut, and what additional impact might they have in the future?

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Timeline of Puerto Rican migration to the U.S. and to Connecticut  Analysis of how Puerto Ricans impact the U.S. economy Puerto Rican migration to the U.S. and Connecticut (choice/group decision-making) Economic Reasons for migration (apple orchards, tobacco) Puerto Rican Political Action Committee 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms The immigration of individuals from other Latin American countries to Connecticut Economic, political, social reasons Similarities, differences of reasons for immigration Vocabulary: Migration, Immigration

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Brief History of Latinos in the Military  Borinqueneers  Latinas in the Military 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Latino/Latina Inventors Latino/Latina student inventors (invention convention) Music contributions in the U.S. Arts contribution in the U.S.  

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms National Community Organizer State Community Organizer History of Community Organizers  National and Local Community Organizations  Political, economic, cultural successes 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Intersection of Race, Ethnicity, Immigration, and Deportation DACA and DREAMERS  Detention Centers: Who benefits?  Names given to U.S. Border Detention Centers Stories of the Undocumented: What is it like? From Undocumented to Documented (racial disparities in the time frame of becoming a U.S. permanent resident) Did your ancestors come “legally”? Journey to cross the border (immigration timeline within Latin America Path to travel) Vocabulary: DACA, DREAMERS, Detention Centers, Undocumented, Deportation 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms How does it feel to be a Latino/Latina looking for work? What are the common occupations held by Latinos/Latinas in the United States? Who makes more money, Latino men or Latina women? Discuss the role of gender and race in the workforce. Discuss factors that lead to the Hispanic unemployment rate in the United States. Why and how did COVID-19 affect the Latino unemployment rate?  COVID-19 affects the Latino community at a higher rate than Whites. Why? Discuss how low-wage workers are prone to higher COVID rates. 

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Importance of education What does the data tell us?  Policies that hinder or enhance educational access  Policies that increase incarceration rates Ramifications for African American/Black and Puerto Rican/Latinos Breaking away from historical stereotypes and perceptions (e.g., NASA recruiting from University of Puerto Rico School of Engineering for the best candidates)  

Big Ideas/Topics to be Addressed, including Key Concepts and Terms Where is Connecticut going? Sense of Family, Community, and Pride among Puerto Ricans and Latinos  Resourcefulness and Innovation Constantly evolving and creating: new images and identity 

In this unit, students will:• Analyze reasons that individuals from Puerto Rico and other Latin Americans migrated to Connecticut.• Explore the accomplishments and contributions of these individuals and their descendants to Connecticut history and culture.• Understand and examine the misconceptions and negative beliefs that have been normalized and excluded the contributions of Latinos and Puerto Ricans.Compelling question: What impact have Puerto Ricans and Latinos had on Connecticut, and what impact might they (and you) have on the future?Pre-Assessment: Students re-engage with the charts created in Semester Two, Lesson 1.0 and add to the charts using Gallery Walk protocol.