By the end of this section, you will be able to:Distinguish between sensation and perceptionDescribe the concepts of absolute threshold and difference thresholdDiscuss the roles attention, motivation, and sensory adaptation play in perception

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the basic functions of the chemical sensesExplain the basic functions of the somatosensory, nociceptive, and thermoceptive sensory systemsDescribe the basic functions of the vestibular, proprioceptive, and kinesthetic sensory systems

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the basic anatomy of the visual systemDiscuss how rods and cones contribute to different aspects of visionDescribe how monocular and binocular cues are used in the perception of depth

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe important physical features of wave formsShow how physical properties of light waves are associated with perceptual experienceShow how physical properties of sound waves are associated with perceptual experience

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define aggressionDefine cyberbullyingDescribe the bystander effect

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define attitudeDescribe how people’s attitudes are internally changed through cognitive dissonanceExplain how people’s attitudes are externally changed through persuasionDescribe the peripheral and central routes to persuasion

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain the Asch effectDefine conformity and types of social influenceDescribe Stanley Milgram’s experiment and its implicationsDefine groupthink, social facilitation, and social loafing

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define and distinguish among prejudice, stereotypes, and discriminationProvide examples of prejudice, stereotypes, and discriminationExplain why prejudice and discrimination exist

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe altruismDescribe conditions that influence the formation of relationshipsIdentify what attracts people to each otherDescribe the triangular theory of loveExplain social exchange theory in relationships

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe social roles and how they influence behaviorExplain what social norms are and how they influence behaviorDefine scriptDescribe the findings of Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define social psychologyDescribe situational versus dispositional influences on behaviorDescribe the fundamental attribution error

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define hypnosis and meditationUnderstand the similarities and differences of hypnosis and meditation

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the symptoms and treatments of insomniaRecognize the symptoms of several parasomniasDescribe the symptoms and treatments for sleep apneaRecognize risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and steps to prevent itDescribe the symptoms and treatments for narcolepsy

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe areas of the brain involved in sleepUnderstand hormone secretions associated with sleepDescribe several theories aimed at explaining the function of sleep

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Differentiate between REM and non-REM sleepDescribe the differences between the four stages of non-REM sleepUnderstand the role that REM and non-REM sleep play in learning and memory

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the diagnostic criteria for substance use disordersIdentify the neurotransmitter systems affected by various categories of drugsDescribe how different categories of drugs effect behavior and experience

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Understand what is meant by consciousnessExplain how circadian rhythms are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, and how circadian cycles can be disruptedDiscuss the concept of sleep debt