By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the symptoms and treatments of insomniaRecognize the symptoms of several parasomniasDescribe the symptoms and treatments for sleep apneaRecognize risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and steps to prevent itDescribe the symptoms and treatments for narcolepsy

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Differentiate between REM and non-REM sleepDescribe the differences between the four stages of non-REM sleepUnderstand the role that REM and non-REM sleep play in learning and memory

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the diagnostic criteria for substance use disordersIdentify the neurotransmitter systems affected by various categories of drugsDescribe how different categories of drugs effect behavior and experience

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Understand what is meant by consciousnessExplain how circadian rhythms are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, and how circadian cycles can be disruptedDiscuss the concept of sleep debt

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define coping and differentiate between problem-focused and emotion-focused copingDescribe the importance of perceived control in our reactions to stressExplain how social support is vital in health and longevity

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain the nature of psychophysiological disordersDescribe the immune system and how stress impacts its functioningDescribe how stress and emotional factors can lead to the development and exacerbation of cardiovascular disorders, asthma, and tension headaches

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe different types of possible stressorsExplain the importance of life changes as potential stressorsDescribe the Social Readjustment Rating ScaleUnderstand the concepts of job strain and job burnout

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Differentiate between stimulus-based and response-based definitions of stressDefine stress as a processDifferentiate between good stress and bad stressDescribe the early contributions of Walter Cannon and Hans Selye to the stress research fieldUnderstand the physiological basis of stress and describe the general adaptation syndrome

The first chapter provides an overview of the textbook and reviews the history of psychology and its methodology. Psychology is described as a science studying how hereditary (nature) and experiential (nurture) variables interact to influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals. The remainder of the text will be organized in sections entitled “Mostly Nature” (Biological Psychology; Sensation & Perception; Motivation & Emotion), “Mostly Nurture” (Direct Learning; Indirect Learning (i.e., observational learning and language); Cognition), and “Nature/Nurture” (Human Development; Personality; Social Psychology; Maladaptive Behavior; Professional Psychology and Human Potential).

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how people with psychological disorders have been treated throughout the agesDiscuss deinstitutionalizationDiscuss the ways in which mental health services are delivered todayDistinguish between voluntary and involuntary treatment

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Recognize the goal of substance-related and addictive disorders treatmentDiscuss what makes for effective treatmentDescribe how comorbid disorders are treated

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how the sociocultural model is used in therapyDiscuss barriers to mental health services among ethnic minorities

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Distinguish between the various modalities of treatmentDiscuss benefits of group therapy

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Distinguish between psychotherapy and biomedical therapyRecognize various orientations to psychotherapyDiscuss psychotropic medications and recognize which medications are used to treat specific psychological disorders