By the end of this section, you will be able to:Understand the importance of Wundt and James in the development of psychologyAppreciate Freud’s influence on psychologyUnderstand the basic tenets of Gestalt psychologyAppreciate the important role that behaviorism played in psychology’s historyUnderstand basic tenets of humanismUnderstand how the cognitive revolution shifted psychology’s focus back to the mind 

Opening image caption:Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. (credit "background": modification of work by Nattachai Noogure; credit "top left": modification of work by U.S. Navy; credit "top middle-left": modification of work by Peter Shanks; credit "top middle-right": modification of work by "devinf"/Flickr; credit "top right": modification of work by Alejandra Quintero Sinisterra; credit "bottom left": modification of work by Gabriel Rocha; credit "bottom middle-left": modification of work by Caleb Roenigk; credit "bottom middle-right": modification of work by Staffan Scherz; credit "bottom right": modification of work by Czech Provincial Reconstruction Team)Psychology is designed to meet scope and sequence requirements for the single-semester introduction to psychology course. The book offers a comprehensive treatment of core concepts, grounded in both classic studies and current and emerging research. The text also includes coverage of the DSM-5 in examinations of psychological disorders. Psychology incorporates discussions that reflect the diversity within the discipline, as well as the diversity of cultures and communities across the globe.

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how classical conditioning occursSummarize the processes of acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define observational learningDiscuss the steps in the modeling processExplain the prosocial and antisocial effects of observational learning

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define operant conditioningExplain the difference between reinforcement and punishmentDistinguish between reinforcement schedules

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain how learned behaviors are different from instincts and reflexesDefine learningRecognize and define three basic forms of learning—classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss hospice careDescribe the five stages of griefDefine living will and DNR

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss Freud’s theory of psychosexual developmentDescribe the major tasks of child and adult psychosocial development according to EriksonDiscuss Piaget’s view of cognitive development and apply the stages to understanding childhood cognitionDescribe Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the stages of prenatal development and recognize the importance of prenatal careDiscuss physical, cognitive, and emotional development that occurs from infancy through childhoodDiscuss physical, cognitive, and emotional development that occurs during adolescenceDiscuss physical, cognitive, and emotional development that occurs in adulthood

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define and distinguish between the three domains of development: physical, cognitive and psychosocialDiscuss the normative approach to developmentUnderstand the three major issues in development: continuity and discontinuity, one common course of development or many unique courses of development, and nature versus nurture

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Discuss the three basic functions of memoryDescribe the three stages of memory storageDescribe and distinguish between procedural and declarative memory and semantic and episodic memory

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain the brain functions involved in memoryRecognize the roles of the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Compare and contrast the two types of amnesiaDiscuss the unreliability of eyewitness testimonyDiscuss encoding failureDiscuss the various memory errorsCompare and contrast the two types of interference

By the end of this section, you will be able to:Recognize and apply memory-enhancing strategiesRecognize and apply effective study techniques