Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  This unit focuses on the Geometry domain.  Learning this unit will enable students to: Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres. 

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  Summary The bundle organizes performance expectations around the relationship between the needs of different plants and animals and the places they live. Instruction developed from this bundle should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the bundle performance expectations. Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The concept that all animals need food and plants need water and light (LS1.C as in K-LS1-1) connects to the idea that living things need water, air, and resources from the land, and they live in places that have the things they need (ESS3.A as in K-ESS3-1). These ideas also connect to the concept that plants and animals (including humans) can change the environment to meet their needs (K-ESS2-2). The concept that humans use natural resources for everything they do (ESS3.A as in K-ESS3-1) connects to the idea that the things people do to live comfortably can affect the world around them, but they can make choices that reduce their impacts on the land, water, air, and other living things (ESS3.C as in K-ESS2-2 and K-ESS3-3) Weather—which is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region at a particular time (ESS2.D as in K-ESS2-1) —connects to the idea that living things need water (ESS3.A as in K-ESS3-1) and the idea that plants need light (LS1.C as in K-LS1-1). Also, the concept of the needs of living things connects to weather through making observation to notice and describe patterns as: observations can be used to describe the patterns of what plants and animals need (K-LS1-1) and observations and measurements of weather conditions can be used to describe and record the weather and to notice patterns over time (ESS2.D as in K-ESS2-1). The concepts of weather and patterns of weather (ESS2.D as in K-ESS2-1) also connect to the idea that some kinds of severe weather are more likely than others in a given region (ESS3.B as in K-ESS3-2). The idea that a situation that people want to change or create can be approached as a problem to be solved through engineering (ETS1.A, K-2-ETS1-1) could connect to several concepts such as plants need water and light to live and grow (LS1.C as in K-LS1-1), humans use natural resources for everything they do (ESS3.A as in K-ESS3-1), or that people can make choices that reduce their impacts on the land, water, air, and other living things (ESS3.C as in K-ESS3-3). These connections could be made through tasks such as designing a solution to the problem of plants in a garden not getting enough water or sunlight or identifying ways to reduce their class’s impact on the local water system. Alternatively, students could be challenged with a different design task involving creating products out of natural resources that are abundant in their area. In both tasks, students need an opportunity to reflect on the situation to be changed and that it can be approached as a problem to be solved through engineering.Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this bundle of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of asking questions and defining problems (K-ESS3-2 and K-2-ETS1-1); developing and using models (K-ESS3-1); analyzing and interpreting data (K-LS1-1 and K-ESS2-1); engaging in argument from evidence (K-ESS2-2); and obtaining, evaluating, and communicating Information (K-ESS3-2 and K-ESS3-3). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this bundle of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the concepts of Cause and Effect (K-ESS3-2 and K-ESS3-3); and Patterns (K-LS1-1 and K-ESS2-1); Systems and System Models (K-ESS2-2 and K-ESS3-1). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  Summary The unit organizes performance expectations around observations of patterns and effects of sunlight. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the bundle performance expectations. Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  Sunlight warms Earth’s surface. (PS3.B as in K-PS3-1 and K-PS3-2). This concept of sunlight warming Earth’s surface connects to the idea that weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region at a particular time (ESS2.D as in K-ESS2-1). The concept that designs can be conveyed through sketches, drawings, or physical models (ETS1.B as in K-2-ETS1-2) could connect to multiple concepts such as sunlight warms Earth’s surface (PS3.B as in K-PS3-1 and K-PS3-2) and weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region at a particular time (ESS2.D as in K-ESS2-1). These connections could be made through a task in which students must use a representation to convey their design of a structure that will provide a cool place for the students at their school to use when they are outside on a warm day. Students could also engage in a task in which they need to convey the design of an object that would protect them from any negative effects of wind and then reflect on the usefulness of conveying their ideas through representations. Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of developing and using models (K-2-ETS1-2), planning, and carrying out investigations (K-PS3-1), analyzing and interpreting data (K-ESS2-1) and constructing explanations and designing solutions (K-PS3- 2). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (K-ESS2-1), Cause and Effect (K-PS3-1 and K-PS3-2), and Structure and Function (K-2-ETS1-2). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  Summary The unit organizes performance expectations around observations of patterns and effects of sunlight. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the bundle performance expectations.Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  Sunlight warms Earth’s surface. (PS3.B as in K-PS3-1 and K-PS3-2). This concept of sunlight warming Earth’s surface connects to the idea that weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region at a particular time (ESS2.D as in K-ESS2-1). The concept that designs can be conveyed through sketches, drawings, or physical models (ETS1.B as in K-2-ETS1-2) could connect to multiple concepts such as sunlight warms Earth’s surface (PS3.B as in K-PS3-1 and K-PS3-2) and weather is the combination of sunlight, wind, snow or rain, and temperature in a particular region at a particular time (ESS2.D as in K-ESS2-1).These connections could be made through a task in which students must use a representation to convey their design of a structure that will provide a cool place for the students at their school to use when they are outside on a warm day. Students could also engage in a task in which they need to convey the design of an object that would protect them from any negative effects of wind and then reflect on the usefulness of conveying their ideas through representations.Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of developing and using models (K-2-ETS1-2), planning, and carrying out investigations (K-PS3-1), analyzing and interpreting data (K-ESS2-1) and constructing explanations and designing solutions (K-PS3- 2). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction.Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (K-ESS2-1), Cause and Effect (K-PS3-1 and K-PS3-2), and Structure and Function (K-2-ETS1-2). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  Summary The unit organizes performance expectations around the topic of pushes and pulls. Instruction developed from this bundle should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the bundle performance expectations. Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  Pushing or pulling on an object can change the speed or direction of its motion and can start or stop it (PS2.A as in K-PS2-1 and K-PS2-2). This concept of motion connects to the idea that a bigger push or pull makes things speed up or slow down more quickly (PS3.C as in K-PS2-1). The concept of pushing or pulling on an object (PS2.A as in K-PS2-1 and K-PS2-2) also connects to the idea that when objects touch, or collide, they push on one another and can change motion. (PS2.B as in K-PS2-1) The idea that a bigger push or pull makes things speed up or slow down more quickly (PS3.C as in K-PS2-1) connects to the concept that pushes and pulls can have different strengths and directions (PS2.A as in K-PS2-1 and K-PS2-2). The concept that people measure weather conditions to describe and record the weather and to notice patterns over time (ESS2.D as in K-ESS2-1) connects to the idea that it is useful to compare and test designs (ETS1.C as in K-2-ETS1-3) through data analysis. The ideas that a situation that people want to change or create can be approached as a problem to be solved through engineering (ETS1.A as in K-PS2-2) and that, because there is always more than one possible solution to a problem, it is useful to compare and test designs (ETS1.C as in K-2-ETS1-3) could connect to multiple physical science concepts in this bundle. For example, these concepts could connect to the idea that when objects touch or collide, they push on one another and can change motion (PS2.B as in K-PS2-1) through a task in which students are challenged to work in groups to change the direction or speed of a ball with another object and then test and compare each group’s solution. Alternatively, these engineering concepts could connect to the idea that a bigger push or pull makes things speed up or slow down more quickly (PS3.C as in K-PS2-1) through a different task in which students are asked to pull or push an object in a certain amount of time and then challenged to do it faster. Students could then compare their solutions and reflect on how their pull or push needed to change in order to move the object faster. Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of planning and carrying out investigations (KPS2-1); and analyzing and interpreting data (K-PS2-2, K-ESS2-1, and K-2-ETS1-3). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (K-ESS2-1) and Cause and Effect (K-PS2-1 and K-PS2-2). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  Summary The unit organizes performance expectations around the topic of pushes and pulls. Instruction developed from this bundle should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the bundle performance expectations.Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  Pushing or pulling on an object can change the speed or direction of its motion and can start or stop it (PS2.A as in K-PS2-1 and K-PS2-2). This concept of motion connects to the idea that a bigger push or pull makes things speed up or slow down more quickly (PS3.C as in K-PS2-1).The concept of pushing or pulling on an object (PS2.A as in K-PS2-1 and K-PS2-2) also connects to the idea that when objects touch, or collide, they push on one another and can change motion. (PS2.B as in K-PS2-1)The idea that a bigger push or pull makes things speed up or slow down more quickly (PS3.C as in K-PS2-1) connects to the concept that pushes and pulls can have different strengths and directions (PS2.A as in K-PS2-1 and K-PS2-2).The concept that people measure weather conditions to describe and record the weather and to notice patterns over time (ESS2.D as in K-ESS2-1) connects to the idea that it is useful to compare and test designs (ETS1.C as in K-2-ETS1-3) through data analysis.The ideas that a situation that people want to change or create can be approached as a problem to be solved through engineering (ETS1.A as in K-PS2-2) and that, because there is always more than one possible solution to a problem, it is useful to compare and test designs (ETS1.C as in K-2-ETS1-3) could connect to multiple physical science concepts in this bundle. For example, these concepts could connect to the idea that when objects touch or collide, they push on one another and can change motion (PS2.B as in K-PS2-1) through a task in which students are challenged to work in groups to change the direction or speed of a ball with another object and then test and compare each group’s solution. Alternatively, these engineering concepts could connect to the idea that a bigger push or pull makes things speed up or slow down more quickly (PS3.C as in K-PS2-1) through a different task in which students are asked to pull or push an object in a certain amount of time and then challenged to do it faster. Students could then compare their solutions and reflect on how their pull or push needed to change in order to move the object faster.Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of planning and carrying out investigations (KPS2-1); and analyzing and interpreting data (K-PS2-2, K-ESS2-1, and K-2-ETS1-3). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction.Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (K-ESS2-1) and Cause and Effect (K-PS2-1 and K-PS2-2). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  Summary The unit organizes performance expectations around the theme of seeing objects. Instruction developed from this bundle should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations. Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The concept that seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset can be observed, described, and predicted (ESS1.B as in 1-ESS1-2) connects to the idea that objects can be seen if they give off their own light or if there is light to illuminate them (PS4.B as in 1-PS4-2). This idea in turn connects to the idea that some materials allow light to pass through them, others allow only some light through, and others block all the light and create a dark shadow on any surface beyond them, where the light cannot reach (PS4.B as in 1-PS4-3). Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of planning and carrying out investigations (1- ESS1-2 and 1-PS4-3) and constructing explanations and designing solutions (1-PS4-2). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (1-ESS1-2) and Cause and Effect (1-PS4-2 and 1-PS4-3). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS: SummaryThe unit organizes performance expectations around the theme of seeing objects. Instruction developed from this bundle should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations.Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The concept that seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset can be observed, described, and predicted (ESS1.B as in 1-ESS1-2) connects to the idea that objects can be seen if they give off their own light or if there is light to illuminate them (PS4.B as in 1-PS4-2). This idea in turn connects to the idea that some materials allow light to pass through them, others allow only some light through, and others block all the light and create a dark shadow on any surface beyond them, where the light cannot reach (PS4.B as in 1-PS4-3).Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of planning and carrying out investigations (1- ESS1-2 and 1-PS4-3) and constructing explanations and designing solutions (1-PS4-2). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction.Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (1-ESS1-2) and Cause and Effect (1-PS4-2 and 1-PS4-3). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  Summary The unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on the theme of observing objects with sight and hearing. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations. Connections between bundle DCIs The idea that seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset can be observed, described, and predicted (ESS1.B as in 1-ESS1-2) connects to the concept that the patterns of the motion of the sun, moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, and predicted (ESS1.A as in 1-ESS1-1). These ideas also connect to the concept that objects can be seen if light is available to illuminate them or if they give off their own light (1-PS4-2). The concept of how objects can be seen can also connect to the idea that people also use a variety of devices to communicate (send and receive information) over long distances (PS4.C as in 1-PS4-4). Ideas about communication devices also connect to the concept that sound can make matter vibrate, and vibrating matter can make sound (PS4.A as in 1-PS4-1). The engineering design idea that a situation that people want to change or create can be approached as a problem to be solved through engineering (ETS1.A as in K-2-ETS1-1) could be applied to different science concepts, such as to the concept that sound can make matter vibrate, and vibrating matter can make sound (PS4.A as in 1-PS4-1), and to the concept that people also use a variety of devices to communicate (send and receive information) over long distances (PS4.C as in 1-PS4-4). Connections can be made through engineering tasks such as a task in which students identify devices they, or their families, may use that have been created to solve the problem of communicating over long distances, through a task in which students are challenged to create an instrument that uses vibrations to make sound, or through a task in which students try to make something move with vibrations created by sound. Additionally, students could connect these science concepts to the idea that because there is always more than one possible solution to a problem, it is useful to compare and test designs (ETS1.C as in K-2-ETS1- 3). For example, students could test the instruments they created, or they can compare different devices for how well the device allows people to communicate over long distances. Unit Science and Engineering Practices Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of asking questions and defining problems (K-2- ETS1-1), planning and carrying out investigations (1-PS4-1 and 1-ESS1-2), analyzing and interpreting data (1-ESS1-1), and constructing explanations and designing solutions (1-PS4-2 and 1-PS4-4). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (1-ESS1-1 and 1-ESS1-2) and Cause and Effect (1-PS4-1 and 1-PS4-2). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS: SummaryThe unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on the theme of observing objects with sight and hearing. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations.Connections between bundle DCIsThe idea that seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset can be observed, described, and predicted (ESS1.B as in 1-ESS1-2) connects to the concept that the patterns of the motion of the sun, moon, and stars in the sky can be observed, described, and predicted (ESS1.A as in 1-ESS1-1). These ideas also connect to the concept that objects can be seen if light is available to illuminate them or if they give off their own light (1-PS4-2).The concept of how objects can be seen can also connect to the idea that people also use a variety of devices to communicate (send and receive information) over long distances (PS4.C as in 1-PS4-4). Ideas about communication devices also connect to the concept that sound can make matter vibrate, and vibrating matter can make sound (PS4.A as in 1-PS4-1).The engineering design idea that a situation that people want to change or create can be approached as a problem to be solved through engineering (ETS1.A as in K-2-ETS1-1) could be applied to different science concepts, such as to the concept that sound can make matter vibrate, and vibrating matter can make sound (PS4.A as in 1-PS4-1), and to the concept that people also use a variety of devices to communicate (send and receive information) over long distances (PS4.C as in 1-PS4-4).Connections can be made through engineering tasks such as a task in which students identify devices they, or their families, may use that have been created to solve the problem of communicating over long distances, through a task in which students are challenged to create an instrument that uses vibrations to make sound, or through a task in which students try to make something move with vibrations created by sound. Additionally, students could connect these science concepts to the idea that because there is always more than one possible solution to a problem, it is useful to compare and test designs (ETS1.C as in K-2-ETS1- 3). For example, students could test the instruments they created, or they can compare different devices for how well the device allows people to communicate over long distances.Unit Science and Engineering PracticesInstruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of asking questions and defining problems (K-2- ETS1-1), planning and carrying out investigations (1-PS4-1 and 1-ESS1-2), analyzing and interpreting data (1-ESS1-1), and constructing explanations and designing solutions (1-PS4-2 and 1-PS4-4). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction.Unit Crosscutting ConceptsInstruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (1-ESS1-1 and 1-ESS1-2) and Cause and Effect (1-PS4-1 and 1-PS4-2). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS: The unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on the theme of structures and behaviors in organisms. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards but recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations.Connections between unit DCIsThe idea of seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset (ESS1.B as in 1-ESS1-2) can be connected to the idea that plants have different parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits) that help them survive and grow (LS1.A as in 1-LS1-1) through the concept of sunlight, which varies by season and is captured by plants, mostly through their leaves so that they can grow and survive. The idea of organism survival also connects to the concept that, in many kinds of animals, parents and their offspring engage in behaviors that help the offspring survive (LS1.B as in 1-LS1-2).This concept connects to the idea that young animals are very much, but not exactly like, their parents (LS3.A as in 1-LS3-1). The engineering design idea that designs can be conveyed through sketches, drawings, or physical models (ETS1.B as in K-2-ETS1-2) could be applied to multiple concepts such as that plants have different parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits) that help them survive and grow (LS1.A as in 1-LS1-1) or that animals respond to inputs with behaviors that help them survive (LS1.D as in 1-LS1-1).Connections could be made through tasks such as one in which students are asked to design a structure that mimics a way in which a plant part helps it grow and survive. Students can share their design ideas through sketches, drawings, or physical models. Another connection could be through a task in which students design a device that has different responses for different inputs, and then students can compare their device to an animal’s response to the same inputs.Unit Science and Engineering PracticesInstruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of asking questions and defining problems (K-2- ETS1-1), planning and carrying out investigations (1-ESS1-2), developing and using models (K-2-ETS1-2), analyzing and interpreting data (1-ESS1-1), constructing explanations and designing solutions (1-LS1-1 and 1-LS3-1), and obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information (1-LS1-2). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction.Unit Crosscutting ConceptsInstruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (1-ESS1-2, 1-LS3-1, and 1-LS1-2), Structure and Function (K-2-ETS1-2 and 1-LS1-2), and Cause and Effect (1-PS4-1). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  Summary The unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on helping students understand changes that occur on and to land. Instruction developed from this bundle should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards, and is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations. Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The idea that maps show where things are located and the shapes and kinds of land and water in any area (ESS2.B as in 2-ESS2-2) can connect to the idea that wind and water can change the shape of the land (ESS2.A as in 2-ESS2-1). The idea that the shape of the land can change connects to the concept that some events happen very quickly, and others occur very slowly, over a time period much longer than one can observe (ESS1.C as in 2-ESS1-1). The idea that wind and water can change land can also connect to the idea that different properties are suited to different purposes (PS1.A as in 2-PS1-2 and 2-PS1-3), since water can change some parts of land that wind cannot. The idea that the land can change shape can connect to the idea that a great variety of objects can be built up from a small set of pieces (PS1.A as in 2-PS1-3), since the same pieces of dirt and sand can create different shapes of land. The engineering design idea that because there is always more than one possible solution to a problem, it is useful to compare and test designs (ETS1.C as in K-2- ETS1-3) can connect to multiple science ideas, such as that wind and water can change the shape of the land (ESS2.A as in 2-ESS2-1) and that some events happen very quickly; others occur very slowly, over a time period much longer than one can observe (ESS1.C as in 2-ESS1-1). The first connection could be made by having students compare a variety of designs that are intended to prevent a river from changing the land of the riverbank. The second connection could be made by having students compare designs intended to prevent danger from a quick event, such as a rockslide. Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of developing and using models (2-ESS2-2); analyzing and interpreting data (2-PS1-2 and K-2-ETS1-3); and constructing explanations and designing solutions (2-ESS1-1 and 2-ESS2-1). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (2-ESS2-2); Cause and Effect (2-PS1-2); and Stability and Change (2-ESS1-1 and 2-ESS2-1). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimension

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS: SummaryThe unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on helping students understand changes that occur on and to land. Instruction developed from this bundle should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards, and is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations.Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The idea that maps show where things are located and the shapes and kinds of land and water in any area (ESS2.B as in 2-ESS2-2) can connect to the idea that wind and water can change the shape of the land (ESS2.A as in 2-ESS2-1). The idea that the shape of the land can change connects to the concept that some events happen very quickly, and others occur very slowly, over a time period much longer than one can observe (ESS1.C as in 2-ESS1-1). The idea that wind and water can change land can also connect to the idea that different properties are suited to different purposes (PS1.A as in 2-PS1-2 and 2-PS1-3), since water can change some parts of land that wind cannot. The idea that the land can change shape can connect to the idea that a great variety of objects can be built up from a small set of pieces (PS1.A as in 2-PS1-3), since the same pieces of dirt and sand can create different shapes of land. The engineering design idea that because there is always more than one possible solution to a problem, it is useful to compare and test designs (ETS1.C as in K-2- ETS1-3) can connect to multiple science ideas, such as that wind and water can change the shape of the land (ESS2.A as in 2-ESS2-1) and that some events happen very quickly; others occur very slowly, over a time period much longer than one can observe (ESS1.C as in 2-ESS1-1). The first connection could be made by having students compare a variety of designs that are intended to prevent a river from changing the land of the riverbank. The second connection could be made by having students compare designs intended to prevent danger from a quick event, such as a rockslide.Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of developing and using models (2-ESS2-2); analyzing and interpreting data (2-PS1-2 and K-2-ETS1-3); and constructing explanations and designing solutions (2-ESS1-1 and 2-ESS2-1). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction.Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (2-ESS2-2); Cause and Effect (2-PS1-2); and Stability and Change (2-ESS1-1 and 2-ESS2-1). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimension.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS:  Summary The unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on helping students understand the needs of plants. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards and is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the bundle performance expectations. Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The concept that plants depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around (LS2.A as in 2-LS2-2) connects to the concept that plants depend on water and light to grow (LS2.A as in 2-LS2-1), as both ideas are about plant needs. The engineering design idea that designs can be conveyed through sketches, drawings, or physical models (ETS1.B as in K-2-ETS1-2 and 2-LS2-2) can be connected to multiple science concepts, such as that plants depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around (LS2.A as in 2-LS2-2) and that plants depend on water and light to grow (LS2.A as in 2-LS2-1). The first connection could be made through challenging students to draw a design of a way to increase the dispersal of grass seeds that move by sticking to animals’ fur. And the second connection could be made by students designing and then drawing a garden or greenhouse, showing how the needs for water and light are met. Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of planning and carrying out investigations (2-LS2-1) and developing and using models (2-LS2-2 and K-2-ETS1-2). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Cause and Effect (2-PS1-4 and 2-LS2- 1) and Structure and Function (2-LS2-2 and K-2-ETS1-2). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/Summary - FOCUS: SummaryThe unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on helping students understand the needs of plants. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards and is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the bundle performance expectations.Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The concept that plants depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around (LS2.A as in 2-LS2-2) connects to the concept that plants depend on water and light to grow (LS2.A as in 2-LS2-1), as both ideas are about plant needs. The engineering design idea that designs can be conveyed through sketches, drawings, or physical models (ETS1.B as in K-2-ETS1-2 and 2-LS2-2) can be connected to multiple science concepts, such as that plants depend on animals for pollination or to move their seeds around (LS2.A as in 2-LS2-2) and that plants depend on water and light to grow (LS2.A as in 2-LS2-1).The first connection could be made through challenging students to draw a design of a way to increase the dispersal of grass seeds that move by sticking to animals’ fur. And the second connection could be made by students designing and then drawing a garden or greenhouse, showing how the needs for water and light are met.Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of planning and carrying out investigations (2-LS2-1) and developing and using models (2-LS2-2 and K-2-ETS1-2). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction.Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Cause and Effect (2-PS1-4 and 2-LS2- 1) and Structure and Function (2-LS2-2 and K-2-ETS1-2). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/SummarySummary The unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on helping students build understanding of patterns and the effects of water. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards and is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations.Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The idea that heating or cooling a substance may cause changes that can be observed (PS1.B as in 2-PS1-4) connects to the idea that different kinds of matter exist and many of them can be either solid or liquid, depending on temperature (PS1.A as in 2-PS1-1). These concepts both connect to the idea that water exists as solid ice and in liquid form (ESS2.C as in 2-ESS2-3). Through the topic of water, these ideas also connect to the concepts that there are many kinds of living things in any area, and they exist in different places on land and in water (LS4.D as in 2-LS4-1), and that one can map the shapes and kinds of land and water in any area (ESS2.B as in 2-ESS2-2). The engineering design idea that asking questions, making observations, and gathering information are helpful in thinking about problems (ETS1.A as in K-2-ETS1-1) could connect to multiple science concepts, such as that different kinds of matter exist and many of them can be either solid or liquid, depending on temperature (PS1.A as in 2-PS1-1) or that there are many different kinds of living things in any area, and they exist in different places on land and in water (LS4.D as in 2-LS4-1). The first connection could be made by having students ask questions, make observations, and gather information about different kinds of matter and their states before designing a solution to a problem that involves matter. The second connection could be made when students are given a problem to solve regarding animal habitats. Before attempting to solve the problem, students will want to ask questions, make observations, and gather information about the many kinds of living things in the given area.Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of asking questions and defining problems (K-2-ETS1- 1); developing and using models (2-ESS2-2); planning and carrying out investigations (2-LS4-1 and 2-PS1-1); engaging in argument from evidence (2-PS1-4); and obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information (2-ESS2-3). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction.Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unitof PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (2-ESS2-2, 2-ESS2-3, and 2- PS1-1) and Cause and Effect (2-PS1-4). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/SummarySummary The unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on helping students build understanding of patterns and the effects of water. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards and is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations.Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The idea that heating or cooling a substance may cause changes that can be observed (PS1.B as in 2-PS1-4) connects to the idea that different kinds of matter exist and many of them can be either solid or liquid, depending on temperature (PS1.A as in 2-PS1-1). These concepts both connect to the idea that water exists as solid ice and in liquid form (ESS2.C as in 2-ESS2-3).Through the topic of water, these ideas also connect to the concepts that there are many kinds of living things in any area, and they exist in different places on land and in water (LS4.D as in 2-LS4-1), and that one can map the shapes and kinds of land and water in any area (ESS2.B as in 2-ESS2-2).The engineering design idea that asking questions, making observations, and gathering information are helpful in thinking about problems (ETS1.A as in K-2-ETS1-1) could connect to multiple science concepts, such as that different kinds of matter exist and many of them can be either solid or liquid, depending on temperature (PS1.A as in 2-PS1-1) or that there are many different kinds of living things in any area, and they exist in different places on land and in water (LS4.D as in 2-LS4-1). The first connection could be made by having students ask questions, make observations, and gather information about different kinds of matter and their states before designing a solution to a problem that involves matter. The second connection could be made when students are given a problem to solve regarding animal habitats. Before attempting to solve the problem, students will want to ask questions, make observations, and gather information about the many kinds of living things in the given area.Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of asking questions and defining problems (K-2-ETS1- 1); developing and using models (2-ESS2-2); planning and carrying out investigations (2-LS4-1 and 2-PS1-1); engaging in argument from evidence (2-PS1-4); and obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information (2-ESS2-3). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction.Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Instruction leading to this unitof PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (2-ESS2-2, 2-ESS2-3, and 2- PS1-1) and Cause and Effect (2-PS1-4). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.

Unit Overview/Summary:  Summary  The unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on helping students build understanding of traits of organisms. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards and recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations.  Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The idea that being part of a group helps animals obtain food, defend themselves, and cope with changes (LS2.D as in 3-LS2-1) connects to the idea that for any particular environment, some kinds of organisms survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all (LS4.C as in 3-LS4-3) in that both ideas are about the survival of kinds of organisms. These ideas can also connect to survival of individuals within a group and that sometimes the differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species provide advantages in surviving, finding mates, and reproducing (LS4.B as in 3-LS4-2).  In order to identify the differences in characteristics between individuals that may provide an advantage, it is helpful to look at the patterns of variation of a given characteristic among individuals in a species (e.g., longer or shorter thorns on individual plants, dark or light coloration of animals). And through the concept of patterns, this bundle also gives an opportunity to continue the study of the idea that scientists record patterns of the weather across different times and areas so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next (ESS2.D as in 3-ESS2-1). The idea of weather patterns can also connect to the idea that a variety of natural hazards result from natural processes (ESS3.B as in 3-ESS3-1) as some natural hazards are weather related such as hurricanes or flash flooding.  The engineering design idea that research on a problem should be carried out before beginning to design a solution (ETS1.B as in 3-5-ETS1-2) could connect to multiple science concepts, such as that humans cannot eliminate natural hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts (ESS3.B as in 3-ESS3-1) and that for any particular environment, some kinds of organisms survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all (LS4.C as in 3-LS4-3). For example, the first connection could be made by having students research a given natural hazard before designing a solution to reduce the impact of that natural hazard. The second connection could be made by having students research the needs of a particular organism before designing an environment where that organism will survive well. Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of analyzing and interpreting data (3-ESS2-1), constructing explanations and designing solutions (3-LS4-2 and 3-5-ETS1-2), and engaging in argument from evidence (3-LS2-1, 3-LS4-3, and 3-ESS3-1). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Crosscutting concepts have value because they provide students with connections and intellectual tools that are related across the differing areas of disciplinary content and can enrich their application of practices and their understanding of core ideas. As such, they are a way of linking the different domains of science.Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (3-ESS2-1) and Cause and Effect (3-LS2-1, 3-LS4-2, 3-LS4-3, and 3-ESS3-1). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional. 

Unit Overview/Summary:  Summary  The unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on helping students build understanding of traits of organisms. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards and recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations.  Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)   The idea that some kinds of plants and animals that once lived on Earth are no longer found anywhere (LS4.A as in 3-LS4-1) connects to the idea that when the environment changes in ways that affect a place’s physical characteristics, temperature, or availability of resources, some organisms survive and reproduce, others move to new locations, yet others move into the transformed environment, and some die (LS2.C as in 3-LS4-4). And environmental changes can connect to the concept that climate describes a range of an area's typical weather conditions and the extent to which those conditions vary over years (ESS2.D as in 3-ESS2-2). Scientists record patterns of the weather across different times and areas so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next (ESS2.D as in 3-ESS2-1). The engineering design idea that the success of a designed solution is determined by considering the desired features of a solution, or criteria (ETS1.A as in 3-5- ETS1-1), could connect to multiple science concepts, such as that scientists can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next (ESS2.D as in 3- ESS2-1), and that populations live in a variety of habitats and changes in those habitats affect the organisms living there (LS4.D as in 3-LS4-4). The first connection could be made by having students consider the criteria for a solution to a problem caused by bad weather, and the second connection could be made by having students consider the criteria for a solution that mitigates the effect on organisms when a habitat changes. Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of asking questions and defining problems (3-5- ETS1-1), analyzing and interpreting data (3-LS4-1 and 3-ESS2-1), engaging in argument from evidence (3-LS4-4), and obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information (3-ESS2-2). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs) Crosscutting concepts have value because they provide students with connections and intellectual tools that are related across the differing areas of disciplinary content and can enrich their application of practices and their understanding of core ideas. As such, they are a way of linking the different domains of science.Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (3-ESS2-2 and 3-ESS2-1), Scale, Proportion, and Quantity (3-LS4-1), and Systems and System Models (3-LS4-4). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional. 

Unit Overview/Summary:  Summary  The unit organizes performance expectations with a focus on helping students build understanding of traits of organisms. Instruction developed from this unit should always maintain the three-dimensional nature of the standards and recognize that instruction is not limited to the practices and concepts directly linked with any of the unit performance expectations. Connections between unit Disciplinary Core Ideas (DCIs)  The idea that some kinds of plants and animals that once lived on Earth are no longer found anywhere (LS4.A as in 3-LS4-1) connects to the idea that when the environment changes in ways that affect a place’s physical characteristics, temperature, or availability of resources, some organisms survive and reproduce, others move to new locations, yet others move into the transformed environment, and some die (LS2.C as in 3-LS4-4). And environmental changes can connect to the concept that climate describes a range of an area's typical weather conditions and the extent to which those conditions vary over years (ESS2.D as in 3-ESS2-2). Scientists record patterns of the weather across different times and areas so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next (ESS2.D as in 3-ESS2-1). The engineering design idea that the success of a designed solution is determined by considering the desired features of a solution, or criteria (ETS1.A as in 3-5- ETS1-1), could connect to multiple science concepts, such as that scientists can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next (ESS2.D as in 3- ESS2-1), and that populations live in a variety of habitats and changes in those habitats affect the organisms living there (LS4.D as in 3-LS4-4). The first connection could be made by having students consider the criteria for a solution to a problem caused by bad weather, and the second connection could be made by having students consider the criteria for a solution that mitigates the effect on organisms when a habitat changes. Unit Science and Engineering Practices (SEPs)Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the practices of asking questions and defining problems (3-5- ETS1-1), analyzing and interpreting data (3-LS4-1 and 3-ESS2-1), engaging in argument from evidence (3-LS4-4), and obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information (3-ESS2-2). Many other practice elements can be used in instruction. Unit Crosscutting Concepts (CCCs)Crosscutting concepts have value because they provide students with connections and intellectual tools that are related across the differing areas of disciplinary content and can enrich their application of practices and their understanding of core ideas. As such, they are a way of linking the different domains of science.Instruction leading to this unit of PEs will help students build toward proficiency in elements of the crosscutting concepts of Patterns (3-ESS2-2 and 3-ESS2-1), Scale, Proportion, and Quantity (3-LS4-1), and Systems and System Models (3-LS4-4). Many other crosscutting concepts elements can be used in instruction. All instruction should be three-dimensional.