By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define and distinguish among prejudice, stereotypes, and discriminationProvide examples of prejudice, stereotypes, and discriminationExplain why prejudice and discrimination exist
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe altruismDescribe conditions that influence the formation of relationshipsIdentify what attracts people to each otherDescribe the triangular theory of loveExplain social exchange theory in relationships
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe social roles and how they influence behaviorExplain what social norms are and how they influence behaviorDefine scriptDescribe the findings of Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define social psychologyDescribe situational versus dispositional influences on behaviorDescribe the fundamental attribution error
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define hypnosis and meditationUnderstand the similarities and differences of hypnosis and meditation
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the symptoms and treatments of insomniaRecognize the symptoms of several parasomniasDescribe the symptoms and treatments for sleep apneaRecognize risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and steps to prevent itDescribe the symptoms and treatments for narcolepsy
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe areas of the brain involved in sleepUnderstand hormone secretions associated with sleepDescribe several theories aimed at explaining the function of sleep
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Differentiate between REM and non-REM sleepDescribe the differences between the four stages of non-REM sleepUnderstand the role that REM and non-REM sleep play in learning and memory
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe the diagnostic criteria for substance use disordersIdentify the neurotransmitter systems affected by various categories of drugsDescribe how different categories of drugs effect behavior and experience
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Understand what is meant by consciousnessExplain how circadian rhythms are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, and how circadian cycles can be disruptedDiscuss the concept of sleep debt
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define coping and differentiate between problem-focused and emotion-focused copingDescribe the importance of perceived control in our reactions to stressExplain how social support is vital in health and longevity
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Explain the nature of psychophysiological disordersDescribe the immune system and how stress impacts its functioningDescribe how stress and emotional factors can lead to the development and exacerbation of cardiovascular disorders, asthma, and tension headaches
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Describe different types of possible stressorsExplain the importance of life changes as potential stressorsDescribe the Social Readjustment Rating ScaleUnderstand the concepts of job strain and job burnout
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Define and discuss happiness, including its determinantsDescribe the field of positive psychology and identify the kinds of problems it addressesExplain the meaning of positive affect and discuss its importance in health outcomesDescribe the concept of flow and its relationship to happiness and fulfillment
By the end of this section, you will be able to:Differentiate between stimulus-based and response-based definitions of stressDefine stress as a processDifferentiate between good stress and bad stressDescribe the early contributions of Walter Cannon and Hans Selye to the stress research fieldUnderstand the physiological basis of stress and describe the general adaptation syndrome
The first chapter provides an overview of the textbook and reviews the history of psychology and its methodology. Psychology is described as a science studying how hereditary (nature) and experiential (nurture) variables interact to influence the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals. The remainder of the text will be organized in sections entitled “Mostly Nature” (Biological Psychology; Sensation & Perception; Motivation & Emotion), “Mostly Nurture” (Direct Learning; Indirect Learning (i.e., observational learning and language); Cognition), and “Nature/Nurture” (Human Development; Personality; Social Psychology; Maladaptive Behavior; Professional Psychology and Human Potential).
